การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงสำรวจจริยธรรมดิจิทัลสำหรับนักศึกษาครูในศตวรรษที่ 21

Abstract

This quantitative research aimed to explore the factor structure of digital ethics for pre-service teachers in the 21st century using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The population consisted of 1,413 first-, second-, and third-year pre-service teachers enrolled in the Faculty of Education, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. A stratified random sample of 490 students was selected. The research instrument was a 49-item five-point rating scale questionnaire with Item–Objective Congruence (IOC) values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.965. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and Exploratory Factor Analysis with Principal Axis Factoring and Varimax rotation. The results indicated that the data were appropriate for factor analysis (KMO = 0.975; Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, p < .001). Four factors were extracted, explaining 64.98% of the total variance: 1) Reflective Thinking and Responsibility as Digital Citizens, 2) Respect for Digital Privacy and Ethical Digital Communication, 3) Responsibility and Prudence in Using Digital Technology, and 4) Academic Integrity and Appropriate Use of Digital Media. The findings provide an empirical framework for developing assessment instruments and promoting digital ethics among pre-service teachers in the 21st century.